Buildings have been built in one place and reassembled in another throughout history. This was especially true for mobile activities, or for new settlements. এলমিনা ক্যাসেল, the first ক্রীতদাস দুর্গ in পশ্চিম আফ্রিকা, was also the first European prefabricated building in সাব-সাহারান আফ্রিকা.1: 93 In উত্তর আমেরিকা, in 1624 প্রথম ভবনগুলির মধ্যে একটি at কেপ অ্যান was probably partially prefabricated, and was rapidly disassembled and moved at least once. জন রোলো described in 1801 earlier use of portable hospital buildings in the ওয়েস্ট ইন্ডিজ.2 Possibly the first advertised prefab house was the "Manning cottage". A London carpenter, Henry Manning, constructed a house that was built in components, then shipped and assembled by British emigrants. This was published at the time (advertisement, South Australian Record, 1837) and a few still stand in Australia.3 One such is the ফ্রেন্ডস মিটিং হাউস, অ্যাডিলেড.45 The peak year for the importation of portable buildings to Australia was 1853, when several hundred arrived. These have been identified as coming from লিভারপুল, বোস্টন and সিঙ্গাপুর (with Chinese instructions for re-assembly).6 In বার্বাডোজ the চট্টল বাড়ি was a form of prefabricated building which was developed by emancipated slaves who had limited rights to build upon land they did not own. As the buildings were moveable they were legally regarded as চ্যাটেল.7
In 1855 during the ক্রিমিয়ার যুদ্ধের, after ফ্লোরেন্স নাইটিংগেল wrote a letter to টাইমস, ইসামবার্ড কিংডম ব্রুনেল was commissioned to design a prefabricated modular hospital. In five months he designed the রেনকিওই হাসপাতাল: একটি 1,000 রোগীর হাসপাতাল, স্যানিটেশন, বায়ুচলাচল এবং একটি ফ্লাশিং টয়লেটে উদ্ভাবন সহ।8 Fabricator উইলিয়াম ইসি constructed the required 16 units in Gloucester Docks, shipped directly to the ডার্দানেলেস. শুধুমাত্র মার্চ 1856 থেকে সেপ্টেম্বর 1857 পর্যন্ত ব্যবহৃত, এটি মৃত্যুর হার 42 শতাংশ থেকে 3.5 শতাংশে কমিয়ে এনেছে।
The world's first prefabricated, pre-cast panelled apartment blocks were pioneered in লিভারপুল. A process was invented by city engineer জন আলেকজান্ডার ব্রোডি, whose inventive genius also had him inventing the football goal net. The tram stables at Walton in লিভারপুল followed in 1906. The idea was not extensively adopted in Britain, however was widely adopted elsewhere, particularly in Eastern Europe.
Prefabricated homes were produced during the গোল্ড রাশ in the United States, when kits were produced to enable Californian prospectors to quickly construct accommodation. Homes were available in kit form by mail order in the United States in 1908.9
Prefabricated housing was popular during the দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel. The United States used Quonset কুঁড়েঘর as military buildings, and in the United Kingdom prefabricated buildings used included নিসেন কুঁড়েঘর and বেলম্যান হ্যাঙ্গারস. 'Prefabs' were built after the war as a means of quickly and cheaply providing quality housing as a replacement for the housing destroyed during ব্লিটজ. The proliferation of prefabricated housing across the country was a result of the বার্ট কমিটি and the হাউজিং (অস্থায়ী বাসস্থান) আইন 1944. Under the পূর্ত মন্ত্রণালয় জরুরী কারখানা তৈরি housing programme, a specification was drawn up and bid on by various private construction and manufacturing companies. After approval by the MoW, companies could bid on Council led development schemes, resulting in whole estates of prefabs constructed to provide accommodation for those made homeless by the War and ongoing বস্তি ছাড়পত্র.10 Almost 160,000 had been built in the UK by 1948 at a cost of close to £216 million. The largest single prefab estate in Britain11 was at বেলে ভেল (South Liverpool), where more than 1,100 were built after World War 2. The estate was demolished in the 1960s amid much controversy as the prefabs were very popular with residents at the time.
Prefabs were aimed at families, and typically had an entrance hall, two bedrooms (parents and children), a bathroom (a room with a bath) — which was a novel innovation for many Britons at that time, a separate toilet, a living room and an equipped (not লাগানো in the modern sense) kitchen. Construction materials included steel, aluminium, timber or অ্যাসবেস্টস, depending on the type of dwelling. The aluminium B2 টাইপ করুন prefab was produced as four pre-assembled sections which could be transported by lorry anywhere in the country.12
The Universal House (pictured left lounge diner right) was given to the চিল্টার ওপেন এয়ার মিউজিয়াম after 40 years temporary use. The Mark 3 was manufactured by the Universal Housing Company Ltd, Rickmansworth.
The United States used prefabricated housing for troops during the war and for GIs returning home. প্রিফ্যাব classrooms were popular with UK schools increasing their rolls during the শিশুর গম্ভীর গর্জন of the 1950s and 1960s.
Many buildings were designed with a five-ten year life span, but have far exceeded this, with a number surviving today. In 2002, for example, the city of ব্রিস্টল still had residents living in 700 examples.13 Many UK councils have been in the process of demolishing the last surviving examples of Second World War prefabs in order to comply with the British government's শালীন হোমস স্ট্যান্ডার্ড, which came into effect in 2010. There has, however, been a recent revival in prefabricated methods of construction in order to compensate for the United Kingdom's current housing shortage